As complex new materials such as nanoparticles increasingly make their way into commercial products, regulatory frameworks need to overcome a number of key challenges to remain fit for purpose.
This is a preview of subscription content, access via your institution
Access options
Subscribe to this journal
Receive 12 print issues and online access
$259.00 per year
only $21.58 per issue
Buy this article
- Purchase on Springer Link
- Instant access to full article PDF
Prices may be subject to local taxes which are calculated during checkout
References
Klijn, E-H. 'It's the Management, Stupid!' On the Importance of Management in Complex Policy Issues (Uitgeverij LEMMA, 2008).
Hodge, G. A., Maynard, A. D. & Bowman, D. in International Research Society for Public Management (IRSPM) Annual Conference (IRSPM, 2010); available via http://go.nature.com/ngsS3t.
Mullins, S. in Nanotechnology Environmental Health and Safety: Risks, Regulation and Management (eds Hull, M. & Bowman, D.) 49–69 (Elsevier, 2010).
Friends of the Earth, Australia Mounting Evidence That Carbon Nanotubes May be the New Asbestos (FOE Australia, 2008).
Senjen, R. & Illuminato, I. Nano and Biocidal Silver (FOE Australia/FOE United States, 2009).
ETC Group Nanotech's 'Second Nature' Patents: Implications for the Global South (ETC Group, 2005).
Miller, G. & Scrinis, G. in International Handbook on Regulating Nanotechnologies (eds Hodge, G. A., Bowman, D. M. & Maynard, A. D.) 409–445 (Edward Elgar, 2010).
Drezek, R. A. & Tour, J. M. Nature Nanotech. 5, 168–169 (2010).
Davies, J. C. Oversight of Next Generation Nanotechnology (Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2009).
Breggin, L., Falkner, R., Jaspers, N., Pendergrass, J. & Porter, R. Securing the Promise of Nanotechnologies: Towards Regulatory Cooperation (Chatham House, 2009).
Royal Society & Royal Academy of Engineering Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: Opportunities and Uncertainties (RS/RAE, 2004).
European Commission Nanoscience and Nanotechnologies: An Action Plan for Europe 2005–2009 (EC, 2005).
Robinson, D. K. R., Rip, A. & Mangematin, V. Res. Policy 36, 871–879 (2007).
Maynard, A. D. Nature 475, 31 (2011).
Hodge, G., Bowman, D. & Maynard, A. D. International Handbook on Regulating Nanotechnologies (Edward Elgar, 2010).
Maynard, A. D. et al. Nature 444, 267–269 (2006).
National Academies Review of the Federal Strategy for Nanotechnology-Related Environmental, Health, and Safety Research (National Academies Press, 2009).
Maynard, A. D., Warheit, D. & Philbert, M. A. Toxicol. Sci. 120, S109–S129 (2011).
Subramanian, V., Youtie, J., Porter, A. & Sharipa, P. J. Nanopart. Res. 12, 1–10 (2010).
Nanoscale Science, Engineering and Technology Subcommittee, Committee on Technology & National Science and Technology Council Environmental, Health and Safety Research Needs for Engineered Nanoscale Materials (National Nanotechnology Coordination Office, 2006).
Maynard, A. D. Nanotechnology: A Research Strategy for Addressing Risk Report No. PEN 03 (Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2006).
Miles, J. in International Handbook on Regulating Nanotechnologies (eds Hodge, G. A., Bowman, D. M. & Maynard, A. D.) 83–106 (Edward Elgar, 2010).
Royal Commission on Environmental Pollution Novel Materials in the Environment: The Case of Nanotechnology (RCEP, 2008).
Marchant, G. E., Sylvester, D. J. & Abbott, K. W. in New Global Regulatory Frontiers in Regulation: The Age of Nanotechnology (eds Hodge, G., Bowman, D. M. & Ludlow, K.) 189–211 (Edward Elgar, 2007).
Levi-Faur, D. & Comaneshter, H. in New Global Regulatory Frontiers in Regulation: The Age of Nanotechnology (eds Hodge, G., Bowman, D. M. & Ludlow, K.) 149–165 (Edward Elgar, 2007).
Ludlow, K., Bowman, D. M. & Hodge, G. A. A Review of Possible Impacts of Nanotechnology on Australia's Regulatory Framework (Monash Centre for Regulatory Studies, 2007).
Taylor, M. Regulating the Products of Nanotechnology: Does FDA Have the Tools it Needs? Report No. PEN 5 (Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars, Project on Emerging Nanotechnologies, 2006).
Owen, R., Baxter, D., Maynard, T. & Depledge, M. Environ. Sci. Technol. 43, 6902–6906 (2009).
Tait, J. EMBO Rep. 10, S18–S22 (2009).
International Risk Governance Council White Paper on Nanotechnology Risk Governance — Towards an Integrative Approach (IRGC, 2006).
Ludlow, K., Bowman, D. M. & Kirk, D. D. Trends Biotechnol. 27, 615–620 (2009).
Maynard, A. D., Bowman, D. M. & Hodge, G. A. in International Handbook on Regulating Nanotechnologies (eds Hodge, G. A., Bowman, D. M. & Maynard, A. D.) 573–586 (Edward Elgar, 2010).
Wilsdon, J. & Willis, R. See-Through Science: Why Public Engagement Needs to Move Upstream (DEMOS, 2004).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Ethics declarations
Competing interests
The authors declare no competing financial interests.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Maynard, A., Bowman, D. & Hodge, G. The problem of regulating sophisticated materials. Nature Mater 10, 554–557 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3085
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3085
This article is cited by
-
An operationalized post-normal science framework for assisting in the development of complex science policy solutions: the case of nanotechnology governance
Journal of Nanoparticle Research (2014)
-
Transnational Governance Arrangements: Legitimate Alternatives to Regulating Nanotechnologies?
NanoEthics (2013)